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Colosseum, Rome
Location on the map: 
Facts:
» The Colosseum was the largest amphitheater in the entire ancient world. It could receive as many as 50,000 people. Originally, it consisted of four floors; the first three had wide arched entrances, while the fourth had rectangular doorways. 
Facts:» From historical sources it’s known that grand gladiatorial games were held at the opening of the Colosseum. About 5,000 wild animals were released in one day.
» Roman Coliseum is depicted on 5-eurocent coin.
» Under the floor and the arena are subterranean chambers, where the gladiators rested before the performance. There were times when the wooden flooring of the Roman Colosseum was cleaned, and the entire bottom area of six acres was filled with water. This made it possible to organize naval battles there.
» The fact that the Colosseum was designed so that all viewers could disperse in five minutes is important and noteworthy. Interior of the Colosseum is divided into the arena, where performances took place, podiums and cavity, where animals were locked before the fight.
» The Roman Coliseum has 76 inputs; in addition, four additional inputs were intended for the emperor, nobles and gladiators.
Saint Peter Basilica, Rome
Location on the map: Facts:
» Saint Peter Basilica is the Catholic Cathedral, the largest building of the Vatican and the largest Christian church in the world. Facts:» The tomb of the Apostle is situated under the altar of the cathedral.
» The statue of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul towers at the entrance. Peter holds the keys of the kingdom of heaven, handed to him by the Lord.
» The cathedral has five doors. Last on the right side is the Holy Door, and it’s opened only in the Holy Year.
» Around the perimeter of the cathedral there is a string of chapels, where there are outstanding works of art, precious relics of Christianity, and numerous tombs of popes, kings and emperors.
» Almost all the major architects of Italy participated in designing and construction of Saint Peter Basilica.
Vittoriano, Rome
Location on the map: Facts:
» Vittoriano is a monument in honor of the first king of united Italy, Victor Emmanuel II. Construction of this colossal monument lasted half a century. Facts:» Vittoriano is the monument of loyalty to the Motherland. At Altare della Patria with a chapel in the center there is the statue depicting a triumphal procession of Labor and Love for the motherland; under the statue is the tomb of the Unknown Soldier, known as the Altar of the Fatherland.
» Vittoriano houses two museums: the Museum of the Risorgimento and the Central Museum of the military banners fleet.
» Despite the reverent attitude of the Romans to the idea of the monument, the townspeople find that it doesn’t fit the neoclassical massiveness of the baroque Piazza Venezia, so Vittoriano is called ‘the wedding cake’, ‘the false tooth’ and ‘the typewriter’.
» Two fountains are seen before Vittoriano; the left is the symbol of the Adriatic Sea, and the right symbolizes the Tyrrhenian Sea. At the bottom of the equestrian statue there are symbolic images of famous Roman cities.
Castel Sant Angelo, Rome
Location on the map: Facts:
» This is where emperors were buried, popes lived, artists and scientists were imprisoned. Facts:» The castle owes its name to the legend about Archangel Michael appearing at the top of the mausoleum and sheathing his sword as a sign that the plague that has tortured Rome was ended.
» The famous jeweler, Benvenuto Cellini, was in this castle as a prisoner. He was accused of embezzling gems of the papal tiara. Soon he managed to escape, and then he was re-arrested and imprisoned in the dungeon.
» The most valuable item in the museum is the painting of the risen Christ on the wall of the chamber, where Cellini was imprisoned.
» Castel Sant'Angelo was the custody of the famous Count Cagliostro. Holy Inquisition accused him of heresy, necromancy and organization of secret societies.
» The most vivid and dramatic event in the history of the castle is a nine-month siege of Rome by lance knights. Citizens used heads of marble statues, which adorned the mausoleum, as missiles to hit the siege.
Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, Rome
Location on the map: Facts:
» Santa Croce in Gerusalemme is one of the pilgrimage churches of Rome. The walls of this church house the Life-giving Cross. Facts:» The church was built on the site of the ancient palace Sessoriya.
» The side chapel houses three fragments of the Cross of Christ found in Jerusalem: a nail, two thorns from the crown of thorns, and the remains of boards nailed to the cross.
» The church was named in honor of the Cross on which Christ was crucified.
» Murals depict history of acquiring the wreckage of the Cross of Christ.
» The church has an underground chapel with survived radiant mosaics and the ancient statue of Juno.
Baths of Caracalla, Rome
Location on the map: Facts:
» Baths of Caracalla are thermae of Emperor Caracalla in Rome. Facts:» Baths were considered one of the wonders of Rome.
» They are decorated with bronze bindings of semicircular windows and thin slices of translucent ivory stone.
» Caracalla was supplied with clean water from mountain springs coming from a specially built aqueduct.
» All halls of Baths of Caracalla are decorated with colored mosaics. On the floor you can see scenes from the history of Rome.
» Visitors could observe performances of various troupes of actors, for whom performance at the arena of Baths of Caracalla is tantamount to international recognition.
Arch of Septimius Severus, Rome
Location on the map: Facts:
» Arch of Septimius Severus is the arch erected in honor of the victories of Emperor Septimius Severus and his sons. Facts:» The arch is decorated with bas-reliefs and sculptures narrating the battles of the Emperor with the Parthians.
» Both sides of the arch are decorated with inscriptions glorifying the deeds of the emperor who brought Rome to greatness and provided bread to the empire.
» The base platform, on which the ancient orators had appeared, has survived on the left side of the arch.
» In ancient times, there was an ancient two-wheeled chariot with four horses at the top of the arch. That’s how it’s depicted on Roman coins. Unfortunately, the chariot hasn’t survived to these days.
Basilica of St Paul Outside the Walls, Rome
Facts: » Basilica of St Paul Outside the Walls is the great patriarchal basilica of Rome included in the World Heritage List.
» It was erected by Emperor Constantine at the burial site of St. Paul.
» Emperor Theodosius I found this church unworthy of such a sacred place and began the construction of a much more impressive temple.
» The basilica houses the precious holy relic, the sarcophagus containing the remains of St. Paul.
» The basilica is decorated with medallions with the apostles, the magnificent mosaics, paintings, depicting religious motifs, and a marble floor.
